| 比较级常犯的老毛病 |
|
形容词、副词比较是中学英语课本中的一项重要语法,也是历年中考试题中的热点。但因它句型结构复杂,形式变化多样,同学们常易出错。现在就将同学们在平时的练习与测试中的常见错误归纳分析如下,望同学们在今后形容词、副词比较级学习中有所收益。
一、句子语序错误 1. 这条河比那条河长200米。 误:This river is longer 200 meters than that one. 正:This river is 200 meters longer than that one. 析:在比较级句式结构中,当有数词来表示比较的量时,这个数词必须置于比较级的前面。又如:My brother is a head taller than I,我弟弟比我高一头。 2. 我们的教室是他们教室的两倍大。 误:Our classroom is as twice large as theirs. 正:Our classroom is twice as large as theirs. 析:在同级比较结构中,句中的数词、倍数词、百分数词应置于as…as的前面。又如:This street is three times as wide as that one. 这条街是那条街的三倍宽。 3. 我从没看到一辆像那样旧的小汽车。 误:I have never seen old car as that one. 正:I have never seen so old a car as that one. 析:在as/so…as…引导的同中间不隔开级比较结构中,由形容词所修饰的单数名词,其不定冠词必须置于形容词之后,单数名词之前;又如:Jack doesn’t seem to as good a boy as John.杰克似乎不如约翰那样是个好孩子。 4. 你学习越努力,取得的进步就越大。 误:The harder you study,the greater you will make progress. 正:The harder you study,the greater progress you will make. 析:在The more…,the…,“越……就越……”的比较句式结构中,当比较级形容词修饰名词宾语时,这个名词要紧跟在比较级形容词之后,一起置于句首。
二、比较对象错误 1. 这城市的人口比我们城市的人口多。 误:The population of this city larger is than our city. 正:The population of this city is larger than that of our city. 析:该句中的比较对象为不可数名词the population,而不是城市,在错句中,比较对象混淆。在比较句式结构中,如果前一个比较对象为不可数名词,那么后一个比较对象要用代词that来代替这个不可数名词。如果为可数名词,单数泛指用one替代,单数特指用the one或that替代,复数泛指用ones替代,复数特指用the ones或those替代。又如:(1)A table made of steel is more expensive than one made of wood.钢制的桌子比木制的桌子要昂贵。 (2) The books on this shelf are more interesting than the ones ( those ) on that shelf.这个书架上的书比那个书架上的书有趣。 2. 汤姆在他班里比任何学生学习都认真。 误:Tom studies harder than any student in his class. 正:Tom studies harder than any other student in his class. 析:根据句意可知,Tom为他自己班上的一员,应包含在后一个比较对象student之中,故不可自身与自身相比较。应在any后加上other,,构成“any other +单数名词或any of the other+复数名词”,这样就排除了前-个比较对象。又如:Shanghai is larger than any other city (any of the other cities )in China.在中国,上海比其它任何城市都大。(上海为中国的一部分) 注:如果两个比较对象不是在同一范围之中,则后一个比较对象必须使用“any+单数名词或any of the+复数名词”结构。例如: Beijing is larger than any city (any of the cities) in Japan. 北京比日本的任何城市大。(北京不在日本国家范围之中) 3.我的家乡比他们的家乡发展更快: 误:My hometown has developed more quickly than their. 正:My hometown has developed more quickly than theirs. 析:句中比较对象为“家乡”,而错句中后一个比较对象their为形容词物主代词,意义不明确,应用名词性物主代词来替代与前面相一致的名词:又如:My sister’s bike is newer than mine. 我妹妹的自行车比我的新。
三、比较级形式的误用 这个苹果比那个苹果大 误:This apple is biger than that one. 正:This apple is bigger than that one. 析:在以重读闭音节结尾的单词后要双写末尾的辅音再加er.
四、修饰语的误用 1. 这辆小汽车比那辆贵得多: 误:This car is very more expensive than that one. 正:This car is much more expensive than that one. 析:形容词、副词比较级前常用来强调程度的修饰语有:much,still,even,far,any,rather,yet,a little,a bit,a lot 等,而副词very, quite, fairly等一般不用作比较级的修饰语。 2. 他们今年生产的机器比去年多得多。 误:They have made much more machines this year than they did last year. 正:They have made many more machines this year than they did last year. 析:当比较级结构为“more +复数名词”时,其前面要用many来修饰;如果比较级结构为“more +不可数名词”时,其前面用much来修饰。例如:There is much more bread on this plate than on that one. 这盘子里的面包比那盘子里的面包多得多。 五、冠词使用的误区 一般情况下,当表示两者比较时,形容词、副词比较级前常不使用冠词。但在比较级结构中,也有使用冠词的情况,这是同学们在使用比较级句型时的一个误区。 1. 汤姆是两个男孩中较聪明的一个: 误:Tom is cleverer of the two boys. 正:Tom is the cleverer of the two boys- 析:在比较级句式结构中,当句中含有明确说出两个比较对象(人或物)的of短语时(of短语可置于句首或句末),比较级前必须使用定冠词the。又如:Of the two pens this one is the cheaper.两支钢笔中,这一支便宜一些。 2. 上海和北京哪个城市大? 误:Which is larger city,Shanghai or Beijing? 正:Which is the larger city, Shanghai or Beijing? 析:由选择连词or连接的两个并列名词作比较对象时,形容词比较级修饰的名词用作句子的表语,这时,比较级前必须使用定冠词the。又如:Who is the taller girl, Mary or Joan?玛丽和琼谁个儿高? 3.大象是一种比马更重的动物: 误:Elephant is heavier animal than horse. 正:Elephant is a heavier animal than horse. 析:两个对象相比较,表示泛指的单数名词被形容词比较级修饰作表语时,前面必须使用不定冠词a。 4. 我从未看过比这部电影更好的电影了。 误:I have never seen better film than this one 正:I have never seen a better film than this one. 析:在比较句式结构中,如果比较的对象相对于同一个人或物,这时,形容词比较级前必须使用不定冠词a,又如:Rose has grown up to be a more beautiful girl. 罗丝已长成一个更加漂亮的姑娘了。
转自:新课堂 |
|
|
| |
|
|
| |
|
|
|